头晕和眩晕患者的病因学、人口学和季节特征

Fatma Atalay, Ayhan Kars, Kubra Topal, Sezai Sacid Anbar, Zeynep Yavuz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景/目的:前庭功能障碍很常见,可对生活质量产生负面影响并导致劳动力流失;它们也可能是危及生命的疾病。因此,对其病因和治疗方法的研究尤为重要。本研究的目的是分析到土耳其Kastamonu培训和研究医院耳鼻喉科(ENT)诊所主诉眩晕/头晕的患者的病因学、人口学和季节特征。方法:在这项回顾性队列研究中,对2020年9月至2021年9月期间就诊的1033例眩晕/头晕患者的档案进行了检查。记录患者的人口学特征、就诊日期和诊断。结果:651例(63%)为女性,患者队列平均年龄为50.3岁(标准差:16.0岁)。慢性主观眩晕627例(60.7%),良性阵发性体位性眩晕302例(29.2%),前庭偏头痛18例(1.7%),双侧前庭病变7例(0.7%),单侧前庭病变41例(4.0%),前庭神经炎16例(1.5%),梅尼埃病6例(0.6%),中枢性眩晕/头晕10例(1.0%)。3例(0.3%)确诊为迷路炎,3例(0.3%)确诊为其他形式的眩晕/头晕。春季观察到病例数量增加,此后出现眩晕/头晕的患者数量减少,并在秋季达到最低(P<0.001)。结论:慢性主观性头晕是最常见的前庭功能障碍。前庭疾病在女性和春季更为常见。虽然耳鼻喉科专家通常关注耳部的病理,但眩晕/头晕的症状可能涉及多种病因。应进行细致的临床检查;这些病例的病因和临床诊断将决定需要进行额外的检查和治疗策略。由于这些病例的诊断范围广泛,多学科方法也至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The etiological, demographic, and seasonal characteristics of patients with dizziness and vertigo
Background/Aim: Vestibular disorders are common and can negatively affect quality of life and result in workforce losses; they can also be life-threatening diseases. As a result, studies of their etiology and treatment approaches are of particular importance. The aim of this study was to analyze the etiological, demographic, and seasonal characteristics of patients presenting to the Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) clinic in Kastamonu, Turkey complaining of vertigo/dizziness. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the files of 1033 patients who presented at the clinic with a report of vertigo/dizziness between September 2020 and September 2021 were examined. The patients’ demographic characteristics, presentation dates, and diagnoses were recorded. Results: Six hundred and fifty-one patients (63%) were female, and the mean age of the patient cohort was 50.3 years (standard deviation: 16.0 years). Six hundred and twenty-seven patients (60.7%) were identified with chronic subjective dizziness, 302 (29.2%) were identified with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, 18 (1.7%) were identified with vestibular migraine, 7 (0.7%) were identified with bilateral vestibulopathy, 41 (4.0%) were identified with unilateral vestibulopathy, 16 (1.5%) were identified with vestibular neuritis, 6 (0.6%) were identified with Meniere’s disease, 10 (1.0%) were identified with central vertigo/dizziness, 3 (0.3%) were identified with labyrinthitis and 3 (0.3%) were identified with another form of vertigo/dizziness. An increase in the number of cases was observed in the spring, and the number of patients presenting with vertigo/dizziness decreased thereafter and reached a minimum in the fall (P<0.001). Conclusion: The most common vestibular disorder was chronic subjective dizziness. Vestibular disorders are more common in women and in the spring season. Although ENT specialists generally focus on pathologies of the ear, vertigo/dizziness are symptoms that may involve several etiologies. Meticulous clinical examinations should be performed; the etiological cause and clinical diagnosis in these cases will dictate additional tests to be requested and therapeutic strategies. Due to the broad diagnostic spectrum of these cases, a multidisciplinary approach is also critical.
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