A hybrid framework for sustainability-oriented PSS solution evaluation based on Pythagorean fuzzy CRITIC-CoCoSo

The product service system (PSS) has been highlighted as an effective business model by integrating products and services as a sustainable strategy. It can bring economic, environmental and social benefits throughout the life cycle. Sustainability is one of the most essential characteristics of PSS. This paper aims to evaluate PSS solutions from a sustainability perspective. The triple-bottom-line (TBL) theory which encompasses the multidimensionality of sustainability, is applied to construct the evaluation indicator system. Considering the variability and conflict existing in the indicator system, criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) is used to determine the indicator weight. The advantage of the combined compromise solution method (CoCoSo) for considering three different compromise strategies is applied to rank candidate PSS solutions. The decision-making process of PSS evaluation is conducted in the Pythagorean fuzzy set environment to tolerate uncertain information expression. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach are verified by an application case of a boat sports equipment manufacturer. The research results can be implemented to improve the design of the PSS solution.