激光除草的副作用:量化对蚯蚓(Enchytraeids)和昆虫(tenbrio molitor和Adalia bipunctata)的脱靶风险

IF 3.5 Q1 AGRONOMY
Christian Andreasen, Eleni Vlassi, Kenneth S. Johannsen, Signe M. Jensen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

面对化学和机械杂草控制带来的挑战,目前有几个研究和商业项目正在开发配备激光的自动驾驶汽车,以控制田间作物的杂草。基于人工智能的识别系统已经被开发出来,用于定位和识别小杂草幼苗,镜子可以将激光束指向目标,用热量杀死杂草。与化学除草和机械除草不同,激光除草只暴露一小块田地进行处理。激光除草在处理后不会在田间留下化学物质,也不会移动可能伤害作物根系和非目标生物的土壤。然而,众所周知,激光束会伤害生物体;在激光除草成为普遍做法之前,应研究对环境和动物的影响。本项目旨在研究激光对非靶生物的作用。本文研究了激光照射对两种蚯蚓(赤蛾和隐蛾)、黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)和双斑瓢虫(Adalia bipunctata)幼虫、蛹和甲虫死亡率的影响。在所有的蚯蚓实验中,除了一个实验外,生活在粘土、沙质和有机土壤最上层的蚯蚓的死亡率与对照组相比没有显著差异,即使激光剂量高达236 J mm -2。足以杀死植物的激光剂量对昆虫来说是致命的,而不杀死植物的较低剂量则会在测试的所有生命阶段杀死或伤害昆虫。较大的甲虫比较小的甲虫存活的剂量更高。激光除草是一项相对较新的技术,尚未广泛应用或商业化。因此,在技术发展的早期阶段,我们不会讨论和比较不同除草方法的成本。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Side-effects of laser weeding: quantifying off-target risks to earthworms (Enchytraeids) and insects (Tenebrio molitor and Adalia bipunctata)
With challenges posed by chemical and mechanical weed control, there are now several research and commercial projects underway to develop autonomous vehicles equipped with lasers to control weeds in field crops. Recognition systems based on artificial intelligence have been developed to locate and identify small weed seedlings, and mirrors can direct a laser beam towards the target to kill the weed with heat. Unlike chemical and mechanical weed control, laser weeding only exposes a small area of the field for the treatment. Laser weeding leaves no chemicals in the field after the treatment or does not move the soil which may harm crop roots and non-target organisms. Yet, it is well-known that laser beams can harm living organisms; the effect on the environment and fauna should be studied before laser weeding becomes a common practice. This project aimed to study the effect of laser on some living non-target organisms. We investigated the effect of laser treatment on the mortality of two species of earthworms ( Enchytraeus albidus and Enchytraeus crypticus ), larvae, pupas, and beetles of yellow mealworm beetles ( Tenebrio molitor ) and the two-spotted lady beetle ( Adalia bipunctata ) for increasing dosages of laser energy. In all earthworms experiments except one, the mortality rates of the worms living in the uppermost soil layer of clay, sandy, and organic soil exposed to laser heating were not significantly different from the controls even with laser dosages up to 236 J mm -2 . Laser doses sufficient to kill plants were lethal to the insects, and lower doses that did not kill plants, killed or harmed the insects across all life stages tested. The larger beetles survived higher doses than smaller. Laser weeding is a relatively new technology and not yet widely practiced or commercialized. Therefore, we do not discuss and compare the costs of the different weeding methods at this early stage of the development of the technology.
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Agronomy
Frontiers in Agronomy Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
123
审稿时长
13 weeks
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