Solid-Phase Separation and Green Removal of Amprolium Hydrochloride Veterinary Drug from Aqueous Media Using Dolomiaea Costus Roots as New Biosorbent

The roots of the Dolomiaea costus (SCO) plant were used as a new, low-cost, eco-friendly, and efficient biosorbent for the removal of Amprolium hydrochloride (AMP) antibacterial veterinary drug residues from aqueous media. The effect of different parameters, such as the initial concentration of AMP, pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature, was investigated. The results showed that the best removal of the AMP drug by SCO was reached at a pH of 3.6 at a contact time of 80 min by a sorbent dosage of 0.04 g at a temperature of 45°C. Adsorption isotherm studies indicated that the AMP removal correlates more with the Freundlich isotherm with R²= 0.991. The maximum adsorption capacity has reached 83% based on the adsorption isotherm studies. The kinetics studies showed that adsorption follows a pseudo-second-order model with R² = 0.999. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process of AMP on SCO is spontaneous in nature and exothermic, with an increase in randomness during the adsorption.