Irreplaceable Russia: Fortresses and Bridges of the “Russian Idea”

The essay discusses Russia’s mission in the contemporary world, as expressed in the concept of the “Russian Idea.” Some Russian thinkers view the country as a fortress defending itself (and the world) from alien—primarily Western—civilizations. Others associate the “Russian Idea” with a bridge connecting different nations and civilizations. The question of whether Russia should be focused primarily on protecting national foundations and geopolitical boundaries or propose an ambitious, transformative agenda has important practical implications. The essay aims to draw attention to two sides of the concept—the nationally defensive and the one related to the dialogue of civilizations, possibly connecting them with each other.