REGULATION OF BASIC AGRICULTURAL INDICATORS OF GRAPES GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT BY SHOOT LOAD

The studies were carried out to determine the dependence of the safety of eyes, fruiting, yield, quality of grapes, and growth vigor of plants of Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety on the load of shoots. The work was carried out in production vineyards in Rostov region in 2020-2022. The feeding area of one plant was 4.5 m2 (planting pattern 3.0×1.5 m), the shape of the bushes was long-armed, the vines were covered. We tested four norms of shoot loading - 20, 25, 30 and 35 pieces per bush. The experiment was carried out in triplicate, 10 bushes each. On average, over the years of study, with an increase in the load of shoots, the proportion of living eyes after wintering along the entire length of the fruit vine decreased from 83% in the variant with 20 shoots to 64% with a load of 35 pieces per bush. The highest proportion of fruit-bearing shoots was noted in the variant with 25 shoots in the bush structure - 80%; the value of this indicator was lower than other variants in plants with a load of 35 pieces per bush - 63%. With an increase in load from minimum to maximum in the experiment, the yield increased significantly from 6.22 to 8.44 t/ha. The mass concentration of sugars in berry juice increased with increasing load of shoots from 22.6 to 25.5 g/100 cm3. The average volume of shoots decreased from 120.1 cm3 in plants with a load of 20 shoots to 62.2 cm3 with 35 shoots in the bush structure.