CHANGES IN THE INDICATORS OF THE CROP STRUCTURE AND BARLEY PRODUCTIVITY DEPENDING ON THE LEVELS OF MINERAL NUTRITION AND LEAF FEEDING OF PLANTS

The purpose of the study is to study the effect of the level of mineral nutrition and foliar fertilization with liquid complex fertilizer (ZhKU) «Agris» of “Azotkaliy” brand on the structure of the crop and yield of barley. The work was carried out in 2020-2022 in the Republic of Mordovia. The scheme of the experiment provided for the study of the following options: basic application of mineral fertilizers (factor A): without fertilizers (0), N30P30K30, N60P60K60, N90P90K90; foliar top dressing with liquid complex fertilizers (factor B): without top dressing (0), housing 2 l/ha, housing 4 l/ha, housing 6 l/ha. The soil of the experimental site is alluvial medium humus (5.5 %), slightly acidic (pHKCl 5.3), in the arable layer was characterized by an average content of mobile (Kirsanov method, GOST 54650.) phosphorus (91 mg/kg) and manganese (53.7 mg/kg), high – potassium (170 mg/kg), zinc (1.6 mg/kg) and boron (1.9 mg/kg). During the growing season, the best weather conditions were in 2020 and 2022, and 2021 was less favorable for the growth and development of plants. The application of mineral fertilizers on average for three years increased the productive bushiness of plants by 0.38...0.66 pcs./rast. (by 19.0...33.0 %), the number of grains in the ear by 1.1...2.6 pcs. (by 6.8...16.0 %), grain weight per ear by 0.08...0.15 g (by 13.1...24.6 %), barley yield by 0.46...0.77 t/ha (by 15.3...25.7 %). The best parameters of the crop structure and grain yield are noted in the N60P60K60 variant. A further increase in the level of mineral nutrition to N90P90K90 did not lead to a significant change in the studied indicators. Non-root fertilizing of plants of the housing and communal services “Agris” of “AzotKaliy” brand did not have a significant impact on the productive bushiness of plants. Its introduction at a dose of 4 l/ha provided an increase in the number of grains in the ear by 7.3...12.8%, the weight of grain from the ear by 0.08...0.11 g (by 12.7...17.5 %), the yield of barley by 0.37...0.50 t/ha (by 11.7...15.9 %). A further increase in the dose of LCU to 6 l/ha did not lead to a significant change in the studied indicators. Thus, the most favorable conditions for the development of plants in the experiment were formed in the variant with the introduction of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60P60K60 and foliar top dressing of the housing and communal services “Agris” of “Azotkaliy” brand in the amount of 4 l/ha. The productivity of barley here was 3.92 t/ha.