Advanced Phased Array Transceivers for Enabling Next-Generation 5G Communication Networks

This article presents advancements and key considerations in the design implementation of phased array transceivers for the fifth-generation (5G) communication networks. It emphasizes the significance of careful consideration and system-level optimization to realize the full potential of phased array transceivers. The focus is on antenna elements and beamforming techniques with a detailed discussion on different types of beamforming techniques used in wireless communication systems. These include analog, digital, and hybrid beamforming. The article starts by introducing the concept of a phase shifter, which is a crucial component in controlling the phase of the transmitted signal. It then proceeds to discuss the role of a variable gain amplifier in amplifying the signal received by each antenna element of the array, followed by emphasizing the importance of a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) in transceiver design to amplify weak signals with minimal noise. In addition, this article provides a detailed discussion on the mixer, which is used to downconvert or upconvert the frequency of the received signal to a more appropriate frequency for further processing or transmission. Finally, the power amplifier (PA), which is used to boost signal power in 5G networks, is also discussed in detail.