Precision drugs for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Review)

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy that is common in Southern China, South‑East Asia and North Africa. Platinum‑based chemotherapy is currently the main treatment option for the first‑line therapy of recurrent and/or metastatic NPC (RM‑NPC). However, the outcome of patients with advanced disease remains poor after treatment with standard chemotherapy, as patients eventually became resistant to chemotherapy. Other strategies, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, offer alternative options for patients due to their reported efficacy and manageable toxicities. This suggests that these modalities, either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, may serve as viable treatment options for RM‑NPC. The present review provides a comprehensive summary of the clinical data of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for RM‑NPC, with the aim of broadening the understanding of RM‑NPC management.