Chemico-biological conversion of carbon dioxide

The unabated carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission into the atmosphere has exacerbated global climate change, resulting in extreme weather events, biodiversity loss, and an intensified greenhouse effect. To address these challenges and work toward carbon (C) neutrality and reduced CO₂ emissions, the capture and utilization of CO₂ have become imperative in both scientific research and industry. One cutting-edge approach to achieving efficient catalytic performance involves integrating green bioconversion and chemical conversion. This innovative strategy offers several advantages, including environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and multi-selectivity. This study provides a comprehensive review of existing technical routes for carbon sequestration (CS) and introduces two novel CS pathways: the electrochemical-biological hybrid and artificial photosynthesis systems. It also thoroughly examines the synthesis of valuable C_n products from the two CS systems employing different catalysts and biocatalysts. As both systems heavily rely on electron transfer, direct and mediated electron transfer has been discussed and summarized in detail. Additionally, this study explores the conditions suitable for different catalysts and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of biocatalysts. We also explored the biocompatibility of the electrode materials and developed novel materials. These materials were specifically engineered to combine with enzymes or microbial cells to solve the biocompatibility problem, while improving the electron transfer efficiency of both. Furthermore, this review summarizes the relevant systems developed in recent years for manufacturing different products, along with their respective production efficiencies, providing a solid database for development in this direction. The novel chemical-biological combination proposed herein holds great promise for the future conversion of CO₂ into advanced organic compounds. Additionally, it offers exciting prospects for utilizing CO₂ in synthesizing a wide range of industrial products. Ultimately, the present study provides a unique perspective for achieving the vital goals of “peak shaving” and C-neutrality, contributing significantly to our collective efforts to combat climate change and its associated challenges.