Are several profiles better than one? Multi-profile palynological study of the Eemian lacustrine sediments at the Wola Starogrodzka site (Garwolin Plain, Central Poland)

: Kupryjanowicz, M., Fiłoc, M., Żuk-Kempa, E. and Żarski, M. 2023. Are several profiles better than one? Multi-profile palynological study of the Eemian lacustrine sediments at the Wola Starogrodzka site (Garwolin Plain, Central Poland). Acta Geologica Polonica , 73 (3), 411–431. Warszawa. Pollen analysis was performed on 14 profiles of fossil biogenic sediments from different parts of the vast depression near the Wola Starogrodzka village (Central Poland). The results allowed the determination of the time of their accumulation for the period from the end of the Odra Glaciation (Warta Stage, Saalian, MIS-6), through the Eemian Interglacial (MIS-5e), to the first interstadial of the Early Vistulian (Brørup, MIS-5c). In many studied profiles, we noted the incompleteness in the pollen record of the Eemian vegetation succession – hiatuses occur usually in the hornbeam (E5) and/or spruce phase (E6). Moreover, the thickness of the same pollen zone and the development of its palynological record are strongly differentiated between individual profiles, e.g. the hornbeam zone (E5) is contained in an exceptionally thick sediment layer (3.7 m) in the PWS1-19 profile, and the oak zone (E3) in the WH-123 and PWS2-19 profiles (1.0 and 1.2 m, respectively), while in other profiles they are represented only by single pollen spectra. If we only had a single profile with a hiatus and/or a poorly developed pollen record, it would be impossible to reconstruct a complete interglacial succession of vegetation. However, having several such imperfect profiles which complemented each other enabled us to do it.