Ah Lam Lee , Xin Cui , Hayoung Jung , Hee Eun Kim , Eun Jin Jeon , Hyungjin Na , Eunmi Kim , Heecheon You
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A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the direct measurements to extract the main factors explaining the head characteristics and then the main factors were standardized and remapped to 3D measurements, creating five size categories representing Korean head shapes. Lastly, representative 3D headforms were constructed by averaging five head shapes for each size category.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study identified two main factors explaining Korean head characteristics by the PCA procedure specified in ISO 16976-2 and developed five representative headforms reflecting the anthropometric features of Korean heads: medium, small, large, short & wide, and long & narrow.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study developed representative headforms tailored to the Korean population for conducting total inward leakage (TIL) tests on filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). The representative headforms can be used for TIL testing by employing robotic headforms to enhance the performance of FFRs for the Korean target population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 42-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2093791123000756/pdfft?md5=7c77e20ebd054bf6165c51b04f4d514a&pid=1-s2.0-S2093791123000756-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Development of Korean Representative Headforms for the Total Inward Leakage Testing on Filtering Facepiece Respirators\",\"authors\":\"Ah Lam Lee , Xin Cui , Hayoung Jung , Hee Eun Kim , Eun Jin Jeon , Hyungjin Na , Eunmi Kim , Heecheon You\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.shaw.2023.11.003\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The lack of headforms that accurately reflect the head characteristics of Koreans and the demographic composition of the Korean population can lead to inadequate FFR testing and reduced effectiveness of FFRs.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Direct measurements of 5,110 individuals and 3D measurements of 2,044 individuals, aged between 9 and 69 years, were sampled from the data pool of Size Korea surveys based on the age and gender ratios of the Korean resident demographics. Seven head dimensions were selected based on the ISO 16976-2, availability of Size Korea measurements, and their relevance to the fit performance of FFRs. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the direct measurements to extract the main factors explaining the head characteristics and then the main factors were standardized and remapped to 3D measurements, creating five size categories representing Korean head shapes. Lastly, representative 3D headforms were constructed by averaging five head shapes for each size category.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study identified two main factors explaining Korean head characteristics by the PCA procedure specified in ISO 16976-2 and developed five representative headforms reflecting the anthropometric features of Korean heads: medium, small, large, short & wide, and long & narrow.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study developed representative headforms tailored to the Korean population for conducting total inward leakage (TIL) tests on filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). The representative headforms can be used for TIL testing by employing robotic headforms to enhance the performance of FFRs for the Korean target population.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":56149,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Safety and Health at Work\",\"volume\":\"15 1\",\"pages\":\"Pages 42-52\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2093791123000756/pdfft?md5=7c77e20ebd054bf6165c51b04f4d514a&pid=1-s2.0-S2093791123000756-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Safety and Health at Work\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2093791123000756\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Safety and Health at Work","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2093791123000756","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
方法根据韩国居民人口的年龄和性别比例，从韩国尺寸调查数据池中抽取了 5,110 人的直接测量值和 2,044 人的三维测量值，这些人的年龄在 9 岁到 69 岁之间。根据 ISO 16976-2、韩国尺寸测量数据的可用性以及它们与 FFRs 拟合性能的相关性，选择了七个头部尺寸。使用直接测量值进行主成分分析（PCA），提取出解释头部特征的主要因素，然后将主要因素标准化并重新映射到三维测量值，创建了代表韩国人头部形状的五个尺寸类别。结果该研究通过 ISO 16976-2 中规定的 PCA 程序确定了解释韩国人头部特征的两个主要因素，并开发了五个反映韩国人头部人体测量特征的代表性头形：中、小、大、短& 宽和长& 窄。通过使用机器人头模，可将代表性头模用于 TIL 测试，从而提高过滤式面罩呼吸器在韩国目标人群中的性能。
Development of Korean Representative Headforms for the Total Inward Leakage Testing on Filtering Facepiece Respirators
Background
The lack of headforms that accurately reflect the head characteristics of Koreans and the demographic composition of the Korean population can lead to inadequate FFR testing and reduced effectiveness of FFRs.
Method
Direct measurements of 5,110 individuals and 3D measurements of 2,044 individuals, aged between 9 and 69 years, were sampled from the data pool of Size Korea surveys based on the age and gender ratios of the Korean resident demographics. Seven head dimensions were selected based on the ISO 16976-2, availability of Size Korea measurements, and their relevance to the fit performance of FFRs. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the direct measurements to extract the main factors explaining the head characteristics and then the main factors were standardized and remapped to 3D measurements, creating five size categories representing Korean head shapes. Lastly, representative 3D headforms were constructed by averaging five head shapes for each size category.
Results
The study identified two main factors explaining Korean head characteristics by the PCA procedure specified in ISO 16976-2 and developed five representative headforms reflecting the anthropometric features of Korean heads: medium, small, large, short & wide, and long & narrow.
Conclusion
This study developed representative headforms tailored to the Korean population for conducting total inward leakage (TIL) tests on filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). The representative headforms can be used for TIL testing by employing robotic headforms to enhance the performance of FFRs for the Korean target population.
期刊介绍：
Safety and Health at Work (SH@W) is an international, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary journal published quarterly in English beginning in 2010. The journal is aimed at providing grounds for the exchange of ideas and data developed through research experience in the broad field of occupational health and safety. Articles may deal with scientific research to improve workers'' health and safety by eliminating occupational accidents and diseases, pursuing a better working life, and creating a safe and comfortable working environment. The journal focuses primarily on original articles across the whole scope of occupational health and safety, but also welcomes up-to-date review papers and short communications and commentaries on urgent issues and case studies on unique epidemiological survey, methods of accident investigation, and analysis. High priority will be given to articles on occupational epidemiology, medicine, hygiene, toxicology, nursing and health services, work safety, ergonomics, work organization, engineering of safety (mechanical, electrical, chemical, and construction), safety management and policy, and studies related to economic evaluation and its social policy and organizational aspects. Its abbreviated title is Saf Health Work.
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