“我们新仆人的恩惠”:原子用于和平前后的同位素、工业和经济

IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Néstor Herran
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引用次数: 0

摘要

放射性同位素由国家核机构以补贴价格生产和销售,是核能最早的非军事应用。从20世纪40年代末开始,由于它们在医学和研究中的多种用途,它们在和平核项目的概念中无处不在。1950年代,原子能促和平倡议鼓励核机构开发放射性同位素的工业应用,强调其使用的经济效益。然而,放射性同位素在工业中的扩散比设想的问题更大,因为它必须面对对辐射风险日益增加的认识。从这个意义上说,原子促进和平的主要影响似乎是建立了国际原子能机构(原子能机构),使其成为处理同位素及其商业分配的主要行动者。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The “Bounties of Our New Servant”: Isotopes, Industry, and Economy before and after Atoms for Peace
Abstract Produced and distributed at subsidized prices by national nuclear establishments, radioisotopes provided the earliest non-military application of nuclear energy. Starting in the late 1940s, thanks to their multiple uses in medicine and research, they were ubiquitous in conceptions for peaceful nuclear programs. In the 1950s, Atoms for Peace initiatives encouraged nuclear establishments to develop industrial applications of radioisotopes, stressing the economic benefits of their use. However, the spread of radioisotopes in industry turned out to be more problematic than envisaged, as it had to confront an increasing awareness of radiation risks. In this sense, the main effect of Atoms for Peace seems to have been the establishment of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as the major actor in dealing with isotopes and their commercial distribution.
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CiteScore
1.20
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