Urgent imperatives and perspectives of Antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health issue that threatens the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating infectious diseases. This study examines the current landscape of AMR with a specific focus on the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The factors contributing to the development and spread of AMR including the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human and animal health sectors are discussed. The mutations of bacterial genes causing AMR, highlighting their role in promoting the survival and proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria are analyzed. The consequences of AMR are far-reaching and include increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. The assessment highlights the impact of medical wastes such as patient samples, clinical and drug wastes and agro-based wastes such as surface runoff of poultry and cattle medication on AMR. To address the challenge of AMR, the analysis emphasizes the need for novel antimicrobial agents. The importance of public awareness, awareness among decision makers and appropriate attention and schemes is also discussed as a promising approach to combat AMR. In conclusion, this appraisal sheds light on the escalating problem of AMR and the urgent need for effective strategies to wrestle it. The findings underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers and the public to mitigate the impact of AMR and to ensure the availability of effective treatments for infectious diseases in the future. By addressing the challenges posed by AMR, we can safeguard public health and promote sustainable use of antibiotics.