花期轻度水分胁迫对斯里兰卡低地干旱地区豇豆品种叶片功能性状和产量的影响

I. Wijayaraja, M. Piyarathne, L. K. Weerasinghe, M. A. P. W. K. Malaviarachchi, D. P. Kumarathunge, U. Devasinghe, S. Rathnayake, N. Geekiyanage
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引用次数: 0

摘要

豇豆[豇豆]Walp。是一种生长在热带地区的重要豆科植物。豇豆作为一种跨季作物生长在斯里兰卡的干旱地区。气温上升和不可预测的降水模式是造成热带农业土壤水分胁迫的主要因素。尽管生命周期较短,但豇豆很可能在开花阶段经历轻度土壤水分胁迫(约占田间容量的70%),这是由于气温升高导致蒸散量增加。在本研究中,5个豇豆品种经受了两种土壤水分条件;在连续两个季间试验条件下,采用分畦设计,以确定土壤水分胁迫下豇豆的叶片气体交换和水力性状,以及产量减少与叶片气体交换、水力和农艺性状之间的潜在关系。5个被试品种的产量降低(p<0.05)与叶片净同化率、荚果/株数和种子/荚果数的降低有关。在轻度水分胁迫条件下,许多品种叶片功能性状的品种依赖性降低导致产量参数降低(p<0.05)。尽管水分胁迫变化很大,但Waruni在两种水分条件下都表现良好。因此,应根据轻度水分胁迫条件下豇豆保持产量的能力选择适宜的跨季栽培品种。应特别强调在主要作物收获后立即开始栽培,以便更好地利用剩余水分。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Impact of Mild Water Stress During the Flowering Stage on Leaf Functional Traits and Yield of Selected Cowpea Varieties Grown in The Low Country Dry Zone of Sri Lanka
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important legume growing in tropical regions. Cowpea is grown in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka as an inter-season crop. Rising temperatures and unpredictable precipitation patterns are major factors contributing to soil moisture stress in tropical agriculture. Despite the short life cycle, it is highly likely that cowpea experiences mild soil moisture stress (around 70% of field capacity) conditions at flowering stage due to enhanced evapotranspiration in response to increasing air temperature. In this study, five cowpea varieties were subjected to two soil moisture conditions; field capacity and mild water stress, at the onset of flowering under a split-plot design for two consecutive inter-seasons with the objectives to determine the leaf gas exchange and hydraulic traits of cowpea exposed to soil moisture stress and the underlying relationships between yield reduction and leaf gas exchange, hydraulic, and agronomic traits. The yield reduction (p<0.05) in the five varieties tested was associated with a reduction in leaf net assimilation rate, number of pods/plant, and number of seeds/pod. Variety-dependent reductions in leaf functional traits in many varieties leading to a reduction in yield parameters (p<0.05) were obvious under mild water stress conditions. Despite the water stress variety, Waruni performed well in both moisture conditions. As conclusion, cowpea varieties for inter-season cultivation should be selected based on ability to maintain yield under mild water stress conditions. A special emphasis should be placed on commencing cultivation as soon as the main crop is harvested to better utilize the residual moisture.
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