Understanding the Intention to Use LAPOR Application as e-Democracy in Indonesia: An Integrating ECM and UTAUT Perspective

The development of ICT enables citizen involvement in the decision-making process and two-way communication between democratic actors in the political sphere through digital e-democracy platforms. Unfortunately, implementing digital platforms faces severe problems on the adoption side. A literature review shows that developing countries are research locations that have been widely studied in recent years, and specific theoretical models were used to explain the critical factors that influence user acceptance of e-democracy. This study investigates the critical factors influencing the adoption of e-democracy to fill the research gap. The conceptual model is proposed by integrating the ECM into UTAUT. A cross-sectional survey was designed and employed to test the conceptual model. Tests were carried out on 355 data samples using SmartPLS software. The PLS algorithm testing and the bootstrapping procedure were carried out. The results found that satisfaction, perceived usefulness, effort expectancy, and facilitation conditions directly influence the intention to use e-democracy. At the same time, social influences do not significantly affect the intention to use e-democracy. In addition, perceived usefulness, facilitation conditions, and expectancy confirmation positively influence user satisfaction. Expectancy confirmation positively influences perceived usefulness. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Consequently, some policy recommendations need to be adopted by the Indonesian government to improve the quality of e-democracy.