Greenwell Matchaya, Roberto J. Garcia, Fousseini Traoré
{"title":"南部非洲发展共同体内部的双边谷物贸易是否反映了具有不同水资源禀赋的国家之间的实际水贸易?","authors":"Greenwell Matchaya, Roberto J. Garcia, Fousseini Traoré","doi":"10.1080/02508060.2023.2255822","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis paper examines intraregional bilateral trade in virtual water embedded in cereal flows between the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) states. A gravity model is employed to examine whether annual bilateral trade depends on differences in water endowments, but also includes socio-economic and political determinants that affect trade. There is evidence that the abundance of water resources in a country influences trade for a product that is water dependent. Thus, the adverse effect of water scarcity in a country may be ameliorated by encouraging exports of water-intensive cereal crops where water is in abundance and imported where water is scarce.KEYWORDS: bilateral trade in cerealswater endowmentsvirtual water tradegravity modelSouthern Africa Development Community (SADC) AcknowledgementsWe are grateful to the International Water Management Institute, the IFPRI, AKADEMIYA2063, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the United States Agency for International Development for their support for the ReSAKSS programme, one of whose activities led to this paper. The views in this paper are those of the authors’ and do not represent the views of the institutions mentioned above.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Data availabilityThe data used in this analysis are from UN COMTRADE (https://comtrade.un.org/), UN FAO aquastat data (https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/), the World Bank’s Development Indicators (http://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/) and UN FAO production database (https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL).Notes1. SADC member states include Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Lesotho, Malawi, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Eswatini, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. For the analysis, only the Comoros, DRC, Seychelles and Angola were excluded.Additional informationFundingThis research is not associated with any specific funding.","PeriodicalId":49371,"journal":{"name":"Water International","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Does bilateral trade in cereals within SADC reflect virtual trade in water between countries with different water endowments?\",\"authors\":\"Greenwell Matchaya, Roberto J. Garcia, Fousseini Traoré\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/02508060.2023.2255822\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"ABSTRACTThis paper examines intraregional bilateral trade in virtual water embedded in cereal flows between the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) states. A gravity model is employed to examine whether annual bilateral trade depends on differences in water endowments, but also includes socio-economic and political determinants that affect trade. There is evidence that the abundance of water resources in a country influences trade for a product that is water dependent. Thus, the adverse effect of water scarcity in a country may be ameliorated by encouraging exports of water-intensive cereal crops where water is in abundance and imported where water is scarce.KEYWORDS: bilateral trade in cerealswater endowmentsvirtual water tradegravity modelSouthern Africa Development Community (SADC) AcknowledgementsWe are grateful to the International Water Management Institute, the IFPRI, AKADEMIYA2063, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the United States Agency for International Development for their support for the ReSAKSS programme, one of whose activities led to this paper. The views in this paper are those of the authors’ and do not represent the views of the institutions mentioned above.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Data availabilityThe data used in this analysis are from UN COMTRADE (https://comtrade.un.org/), UN FAO aquastat data (https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/), the World Bank’s Development Indicators (http://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/) and UN FAO production database (https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL).Notes1. SADC member states include Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Lesotho, Malawi, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Eswatini, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. For the analysis, only the Comoros, DRC, Seychelles and Angola were excluded.Additional informationFundingThis research is not associated with any specific funding.\",\"PeriodicalId\":49371,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Water International\",\"volume\":\"22 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-09-28\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Water International\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2023.2255822\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, CIVIL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water International","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2023.2255822","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CIVIL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Does bilateral trade in cereals within SADC reflect virtual trade in water between countries with different water endowments?
ABSTRACTThis paper examines intraregional bilateral trade in virtual water embedded in cereal flows between the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) states. A gravity model is employed to examine whether annual bilateral trade depends on differences in water endowments, but also includes socio-economic and political determinants that affect trade. There is evidence that the abundance of water resources in a country influences trade for a product that is water dependent. Thus, the adverse effect of water scarcity in a country may be ameliorated by encouraging exports of water-intensive cereal crops where water is in abundance and imported where water is scarce.KEYWORDS: bilateral trade in cerealswater endowmentsvirtual water tradegravity modelSouthern Africa Development Community (SADC) AcknowledgementsWe are grateful to the International Water Management Institute, the IFPRI, AKADEMIYA2063, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the United States Agency for International Development for their support for the ReSAKSS programme, one of whose activities led to this paper. The views in this paper are those of the authors’ and do not represent the views of the institutions mentioned above.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Data availabilityThe data used in this analysis are from UN COMTRADE (https://comtrade.un.org/), UN FAO aquastat data (https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/), the World Bank’s Development Indicators (http://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/) and UN FAO production database (https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL).Notes1. SADC member states include Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Lesotho, Malawi, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Eswatini, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. For the analysis, only the Comoros, DRC, Seychelles and Angola were excluded.Additional informationFundingThis research is not associated with any specific funding.
期刊介绍:
Water International is the official journal of the International Water Resources Association (IWRA), founded in 1972 to serve as an international gateway to the people, ideas and networks that are critical to the sustainable management of water resources around the world. Water International''s articles, state-of-the-art reviews, technical notes and other matter are policy-relevant and aimed at communicating in-depth knowledge to a multidisciplinary and international community. Water International publishes both individual contributions and thematic special issues and sections on cutting edge issues.
All individual manuscript submissions are subject to initial appraisal and peer review by the Deputy Editor in Chief and the Associate Editors, and, if found suitable for further consideration, to peer review by at least one independent, anonymous expert referee. All external peer review is double blind. Thematic issues and sections are handled under comparable procedures by guest editors under the oversight of the Editor in Chief.