影响生命起源和发展的物理机制。生命的物理生化范式

Yuri K. Shestopaloff
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目前对生物现象的看法是建立在生物化学范式的基础上的,即生物体的发育是由以某种遗传密码的分子形式存储的信息来定义的。然而,新的事实和发现表明,生物现象不仅局限于生化领域,而且还受到物理机制的影响。其中一个已发现的机制在细胞、器官和整个生物体的空间水平上起作用。它对生物量合成和维持现有生物量之间的营养分配施加了独特的限制。在生长过程中产生的生物量的相对(相对于总消耗的营养物质)量减少,相应地改变了生化反应的组成,并确保了它们在生物生命周期中的不可逆性。数学上,这种生长机制用生长方程表示。利用该方程,我们引入了单细胞生物阿米巴原虫、裂糖菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、葡萄球菌的生长模型,证明了它们与实验数据的充分性,并提出了两种可能的分裂机制。同时,在生长方程的基础上,我们发现了这些生物不同的代谢特征。例如,在对数坐标中,它们的代谢异速指数的值位于一条直线上。这一事实对于作为单一系统的食物链内的生物体的进化过程具有重要的意义。从不同的角度获得的结果与实验数据高度吻合,以及与先前证明的更特殊的知识和验证科学真理的一般标准非常吻合,证明了所引入的生长方程和所发现的生长机制的有效性(它具有在《自然》中呈现的真实物理机制的所有迹象)。综上所述,所获得的结果为引入更全面的生命起源、发展和进化的物理生化范式奠定了坚实的基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Physical Mechanisms Influencing Life Origin and Development. Physical–Biochemical Paradigm of Life
The present view of biological phenomena is based on a biochemical paradigm that the development of living organisms is defined by information stored in a molecular form as some genetic code. However, new facts and discoveries indicate that biological phenomena cannot be confined to a biochemical realm alone, but are also influenced by physical mechanisms. One such discovered mechanism works at cellular, organ and whole organism spatial levels. It imposes uniquely defined constraints on the distribution of nutrients between biomass synthesis and maintenance of existing biomass. The relative (to the total consumed nutrients) amount of produced biomass, which decreases during the growth, accordingly changes the composition of biochemical reactions and secures their irreversibility during the organismal life cycle. Mathematically, this growth mechanism is represented by a growth equation. Using this equation, we introduce growth models for unicellular organisms Amoeba, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus, show their adequacy to experimental data, and present two types of possible division mechanisms. Also, on the basis of the growth equation, we find different metabolic characteristics of these organisms. For instance, it was shown that in logarithmic coordinates the values of their metabolic allometric exponents are located on a straight line. This fact has important implications with regard to evolutionary process of organisms within a food chain, considered as a single system. High adequateness of obtained results to experimental data, from different perspectives, as well as excellent compliance with previously proven more particular knowledge, and with general criteria for validation of scientific truths, proves the validity of the introduced growth equation and of the discovered growth mechanism (which has all indications to be a real physical mechanism presenting in Nature). Taken together, the obtained results set solid grounds for the introduction of a more comprehensive physical–biochemical paradigm of Life origin, development and evolution.
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