南斯拉夫与第二次世界大战后货币黄金的归还

IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Tomasz Korban
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引用次数: 0

摘要

二战结束后,西方盟国成立了三方黄金委员会(TGC),负责组织归还被占领的欧洲各国中央银行的货币黄金。索赔国之一是南斯拉夫。根据迄今为止未使用的TGC记录,本文考察了南斯拉夫货币黄金的掠夺及其通过TGC的归还,这是战后历史上鲜为人知的一段插曲。在1947年南斯拉夫向法庭提出的四项索赔中,大多数被承认为有效,但直到1958年才公布最终裁决。文中列出了这一漫长的恢复过程和拒绝南斯拉夫的一些索赔要求的原因,并注意到1990年代临时过渡委员会试图分配南斯拉夫的最后份额时这个问题又重新出现。南斯拉夫的解体使得最后的黄金分配成为一项艰巨的任务,直到2004年才结束。通过与其他索赔国进行比较,文章表明,在某些方面,南斯拉夫比铁幕后面的国家处于更好的地位。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Yugoslavia and the Restitution of Monetary Gold After the Second World War
During the Second World War, the Axis states looted a great deal of gold in various forms, both from individuals and countries. Following that war, the western allies established the Tripartite Gold Commission (TGC) to organize the restitution of monetary gold that had belonged to central banks in occupied Europe. One of the claimant countries was Yugoslavia. Drawing upon hitherto unused TGC records, the article examines the looting of Yugoslav monetary gold and its restitution via the TGC, which is a little-known episode in postwar history. Of the four Yugoslav claims submitted to the TGC in 1947, the majority were recognized as valid, yet the final adjudication was not published until 1958. The reasons for this protracted process of restitution and for the rejection of some of the Yugoslav claims are set out and note is made of the issue's recrudescence in the 1990s, when the TGC sought to distribute the final Yugoslav share. The break-up of Yugoslavia made this concluding allocation of gold a demanding task, and it did not end until 2004. By comparing it with other claimant countries, the article demonstrates that in some ways Yugoslavia was in a better position than the states behind the Iron Curtain.
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