Enhancing Urban Spaces through Crowd Behavior Analysis A Case Study of Arafat to Muzdalifah Road During Hajj Time

Crowd behavior analysis is an essential tool for understanding people mobility and movement in public spaces. By analyzing the behavior of crowds and their motion patterns through their interaction with the surrounding environment, designers can identify potential issues and implement solutions to improve safety and efficiency while enhancing urban spaces. The aim of the study is to understand the crowd behavior and movement patterns at the road between Arafat and Muzdalifah during peak times of Hajj to identify prospective overcrowding zones and problems. This has been accomplished through the study use of visual observation, video analysis, and crowd simulation modelling. The study tests the crowd behavior that heavily influenced by the physical urban features, barriers, and surrounding services. The study suggests several recommended interventions for better urban design solutions to improve pedestrian crowd flow for better crowd management. These interventions could be used as guidelines for urban designers and planners to create safer and more efficient pedestrian spaces during similar crowd situations.