Evaluation of Newly Synthesized Compounds Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme for Antineoplastic Activity in Solid Tumors

Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the antineoplastic potential of recently developed compounds, namely F3, F4, and F5. These compounds were designed to target the carbonic anhydrase enzyme in solid tumors. Methods: The synthesis of these compounds involved the utilization of sulfanilamide, chloroacetylchloride, thiourea, benzyl chloride derivatives, and silver nitrate. Docking studies were carried out using the MOE software program version 2015.10, and the cytotoxic activity was predicted through the implementation of the MTT assay. Results: The compounds that were synthesized displayed noteworthy antineoplastic activity, as evidenced by both in silico simulations and cell line investigations. Notably, Compound F5 exhibited an IC50 value of 9.02 μg/ml for MCF7 cells, signifying a substantial difference when compared to the IC50 value of cisplatin. Moreover, Compounds F3 and F4 exhibited higher S scores in the docking study compared to acetazolamide, implying a more robust binding affinity to the catalytic site of the receptor. The inclusion of a substituted thiazole ring contributed to increased flexibility and enhanced receptor interaction. Conclusion: The synthetic compounds put forth in this study demonstrated notable antineoplastic properties. Furthermore, the complexation process notably augmented the inhibition of cancer cell growth, underscoring their potential as promising agents for combating cancer.