Tracking Early Hominin Foraging Behavior at DS Site (Bed I, Olduvai Gorge)

Academic discussions about African Early Stone Age site formation, animal carcass acquisition by hominins, the regularity of meat consumption or the use of central places have mainly relied on taphonomic studies of a few archaeofaunal assemblages, such as FLK Zinj (1.84 Ma [million years] ago, Olduvai Gorge Bed I, Tanzania). The DS site lies on the same paleosurface as FLK Zinj and constitutes an equally well-preserved, vertically-discrete deposit. The site has been extensively excavated in recent years (554 m²) and represents an invaluable opportunity to address key and long debated issues regarding early hominin lifeways with new approaches based on using robust and reliable statistical methods, including machine learning. Taphonomic studies can also greatly benefit from including the spatial component in the interpretations of a site’s formation and functionality. The results of the taphonomic and spatial study of DS point to the following behavioral components of hominin lifeways with regard to their foraging strategies: 1) regular primary access to animal carcasses; 2) selective animal carcass acquisition; and 3) collective animal carcass consumption in central-provisioning places. These features also point to cooperation and food sharing. The evidence from DS indicates that early Homo showed significant behavioral complexity relative to extant primates and a cohesive social structure. Two more newly discovered anthropogenically supported sites from the same period (PTK and AGS, Bed I Olduvai Gorge) that are currently being analyzed will soon shed further light on these adaptations.