美国对外贸易立法作为苏美关系缓和因素的争论(1969-1979)

Q1 Arts and Humanities
V. Yungblyud, D. Ilyin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

整个20世纪70年代,苏美关系的转变是一个复杂而多方面的过程。两国在对外贸易、技术转让和科学交流方面的互动是其中的重要组成部分。一方面,根据一些dendride的理论家的说法,根据平等互利的原则建立的大量商业关系以及科学和技术项目本可以为在可预见的将来克服冷战和维持和平共处创造条件。与此同时,在对外贸易领域,尖锐的分歧首先表现出来,表明超级大国的外部政治目标与其内部立法制度应对这些挑战的能力之间存在明显的分歧。本文旨在回顾美国经济转型时期外贸立法的演变过程。它的目的是将这条轨道插入到华盛顿从20世纪60年代末到1979年对苏联国家的路线中。本研究借鉴了参众两院的文件,揭示了关于出口管制法律通过的辩论内容,反映了当时存在的对这一问题的看法。美国国务院和尼克松总统和卡特总统的电子文件被用来反映他们对-à-vis贸易问题的态度。它显示了行政和立法部门如何在更新外贸监管框架时相互作用。结论认为,虽然在起草外贸法律时保持了一般的自由主义向量,但它们始终包含旨在遏制苏联科学技术进步的向社会主义国家出口高科技产品的控制标准。结果,苏美关系中的经济、科学和技术基础仍然薄弱,不足以防止1980年代初的对抗性衰退。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Debate around U.S. Foreign Trade Legislation as an Element of Détente in Soviet-American Relations (1969–1979)
Détente in Soviet-American relations throughout the 1970s was a complex and multifaceted process. The interaction of the two states as regards foreign trade, technology transfer and scientific exchanges was an important part of it. On the one hand, according to some détente ideologists, a critical mass of commercial ties along with scientific and technological projects established in accordance with the tenets of equality and mutual benefit could have created conditions for overcoming the Cold War and maintaining peaceful coexistence in the foreseeable future. At the same time, it was in the sphere of foreign trade that sharp disagreements first manifested themselves, indicating a clear-cut rift between the external political goals of the superpowers and the ability of their internal legislative systems to address these challenges. This article is devoted to reviewing the processes of transforming US foreign trade legislation during the détente period. It aims to insert this track into the pattern of forming Washington's course towards the Soviet state from the late 1960s to 1979. The research draws on the documents of both chambers of Congress, revealing the content of the debate on the adoption of export regulation laws and reflecting the views on this issue that existed at that time. The digital documents of the US State Department and Presidents R. Nixon and J. Carter are used to reflect their attitude vis-à-vis trade matters. It is shown how the executive and legislative branches interacted when updating the regulatory framework of foreign trade. The conclusion holds that while maintaining the general liberal vector in drafting foreign trade laws, they have always contained control standards for high-tech products export to socialist countries aimed at curbing scientific and technological progress in the USSR. As a result, the economic, scientific and technical foundation of détente in Soviet-American relations remained feeble and proved inadequate for preventing the confrontational recession in the early 1980s.
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来源期刊
Mezhdunarodnye Protsessy
Mezhdunarodnye Protsessy Arts and Humanities-History
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
9
审稿时长
34 weeks
期刊介绍: “International Trends” (“Mezhdunarodnye protsessy”) was established in 2002 as the first Russian TIR journal. As of the early 2010s, it holds a strong position among the top three Russian thematic academic journals (according to the Russian Science Citation Index). The Journal’s key mission is a theoretical comprehension of the world as a whole, of international tendencies and the planetary political environment, and of the world-integrity our country finds herself in and develops with.
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