Effects of two local anesthetics (Mepivacaine - Articaine) on histological features of submandibular salivary gland and thyroid hormones of experimental animals

Background: To examine the histological features of the hamster's submandibular salivary gland following the administration of mepivacaine and articaine as local anaesthetics Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the anaesthetic effectiveness of both anaesthetics on thyroid hormonal levels and the histopathological changes of the gland. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male hamsters were divided into three groups. The submandibular glands were removed and preserved in 10% phosphate buffered formalin (PH7.4) for histological investigation, while Group B and C (each of eight animals) received injections of mepivacine and articaine 2% HCl local anaesthetic at a rate of 0.05 ml per second four times after administration. In order to evaluate the amounts of the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin in the blood samples collected (T4) Results: Salivary gland histology using light microscopy revealed normal acini, striated ducts, and glanular ducts in group I, but atrophic changes in serous acini, a loss of acinar architecture, and congestion of inter-acinar blood capillaries in groups II and III, with the latter change being more pronounced in group III as a result of a longer induction period. Long-term use of mepivacaine and articaine medicines results in toxic effects and changes to the salivary glands that indicate stress and damage. When compared to the control, there was a statistically significant rise in T3 and TSH and a substantial drop in T4 in the experimental animals.