A severe case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome with pulmonary thromboembolism

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic, life-threatening complication of ovarian stimulation. Renal and hepatic dysfunction, thrombosis, pulmonary edema, cerebral infarcts and adult respiratory distress syndrome are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality seen in severe cases. Here we report a case of OHSS with pulmonary thromboembolic event. Although the pathogenesis of thromboembolic events occurring during OHSS is not clear, it is probable that rising levels of estradiol may trigger hypercoagulability. Thromboembolic events seen with oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy support this hypothesis.