人眼的额外视觉功能。

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引用次数: 0

摘要

眼睛是感觉神经系统的一部分。然而,有许多器官系统也与眼睛一起工作。视网膜是哺乳动物中唯一调节光接受的组织,因为视网膜上有光感受器、视杆细胞和视锥细胞,并具有视觉和非视觉功能。光在几乎所有生物的行为中都起着基本的作用。除了视觉过程,光也引起重要的生理反应。患有导致视网膜受损的轻度血管疾病的人更有可能出现思维和记忆能力方面的问题。每个人都有天生的生物钟,身体的所有器官都根据生物节律运作。我们对眼突变大鼠的实验也表明,视力的丧失也阻碍了它们的生理活动,并扰乱了它们的节律。月经周期紊乱和月经初潮年龄受多种因素调节;然而,失明是调节生物钟依赖功能的最无能的因素之一。人眼是人体中唯一能够“看到”光的波长并将其转化为视觉图像的器官。没有眼睛,我们就不能“看到”或把视觉图像传递给大脑。皮肤通过感受器(隐花色素)来感知光线的类似眼睛的能力,但不能形成图像。光感受器中含有的化学物质在受到光线照射时会发生变化。这会产生一个电信号,然后沿着视神经发送到大脑。不同类型的光感受器使我们能够看到各种各样的光和颜色。在人的视网膜上有两种类型的光感受器:视杆细胞和视锥细胞。视杆细胞负责低光照下的视觉(暗视)。它们不能调节色彩视觉,空间敏锐度也很低。盲人:失去视力的人有不同的经历。一些人描述看到完全的黑暗,就像在一个山洞里。有些人看到火花或经历生动的视觉幻觉,这些幻觉可能以可识别的形状、随机形状和颜色或闪光的形式出现。后像是在原始图像曝光一段时间后继续出现在眼睛中的图像。后像的产生是因为视网膜中的光化学活动即使在眼睛不再感受到原始刺激时仍在继续。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Extra Visual Function of the Human Eye.
Abstract The eye is part of the sensory nervous system. However, there are a number of organ systems that also work with the eye. The retina is the only tissue in mammals that regulates photoreception due to the presence of photoreceptors, the rods and cones and performs both visual and non-visual functions Light plays a fundamental role in the behavior of almost all organisms. In addition to visual processes, light also induces important physiological responses. People with mild vascular disease that causes damage to the retina in the eye are more likely to have problems with thinking and memory skills. Everyone has a natural body clock that they are born with and all organs in the body operate according to biological rhythms. Our experiments with ophthalmic mutant rats also showed that the loss of vision also hampered their physiological activities and their rhythmicity was also disturbed. The menstrual cycle disturbances and age of menarche are regulated by many factors; nevertheless, blindness is one of the most impotent factors in regulating biological clock dependent functions. The human eyes are the only organs in the body capable of “seeing”- wavelengths of light and turning it into visual images. We can't “see” or get a visual image to the brain without eyes. The eye-like ability of skin to sense light by using a receptor (Cryptochrome) but failed to form image. Photoreceptors contain chemicals that change when they are hit by light. This causes an electrical signal, which is then sent to the brain along the optic nerve. Different types of photoreceptor allow us to see an enormous range of light and colours. There are two types of photoreceptors in the human retina, rods and cones. Rods are responsible for vision at low light levels (scotopic vision). They do not mediate colour vision and have a low spatial acuity. The blind: People who have lost their sight have different experiences. Some describe seeing complete darkness, like being in a cave. Some people see sparks or experience vivid visual hallucinations that may take the form of recognizable shapes, random shapes and colours, or flashes of light. An afterimage is an image that continues to appear in the eyes after a period of exposure to the original image. Afterimages occur because photochemical activity in the retina continues even when the eyes are no longer experiencing the original stimulus.
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