Modeling and simulation of the cardiovascular system for healthy subjects under physical stress

A cardiovascular (CV) model for healthy subjects under physical stress, based on luczak's first and second models, is presented in this paper. An actual (measured) heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) signals for 12 healthy subjects were utilized for model identification. The pattern search method was employed to optimize the model output signals and to estimate the missing parameters. The output of the model was validated in frequency and time domains. Finally, the proposed cardiovascular model was found to be able to simulate the HR and BP signals for subjects under physical stress with a good accuracy and it could be used in medical or sport applications.