System Parameter Identification of Thermal Generation Unit in the Mongolian Electrical Grid: Real-Life Frequency Response Test

Mongolian power grid (MPG) is becoming more eco-friendly as the power system is continuously integrating renewable energy, which reached 20% of the total installed capacity of Mongolia in 2020. The daily operation and the safety of the MPG have become very challenging because of increased levels of energy in the system. Therefore, the dynamic behaviour of conventional power plants (CPPs) must be demonstrated to fulfil the requirements of integrating more renewable energy in the MPG, especially for frequency stability. This paper illustrates the results of the system parameter identification of an actual steam turbine and a governor system with PID controller by using a real-life test performed on Generator 1 (G1) of the biggest thermal power plant (TPP-4) in Mongolia on 6th March 2020. The main contribution of this paper is to clear uncertainties about the PID controller's parameters installed in the steam turbine of G1 in early 2019, consequently giving the system operator an accurate dynamic model of the generation unit. The steam turbine and governor are modelled in DIgSILENT® PowerFactory, and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is used for identifying the parameters of the PID controller of the G1 at TPP-4. Simulation results from the PowerFactory software matched firmly (error <0.3%) with the measured frequency from the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU).