Fronteira, direitos humanos e territórios tradicionais em Rondônia (Amazônia Brasileira)

In the beginning of this century, the continuous march of capitalism in the brazilian Amazonia reaches protected areas, spaces destined to the preservation and conservation of nature, and protection to the traditional territories of the Amazonian peoples. These territorial dynamics increase socio-political and economic pressures in the institutionali-zed spaces to guarantee social forms of collective use of land and nature, which directly guarantee the protection of environmental services for the society. We analyze this em-pirical phenomenon in the state of Rondônia, located in the southern brazilian Amazonia, problematizing these processes in the territories of indigenous peoples and rubber ta-ppers (traditional community). We conclude that the expansion of the frontier promoted by economic groups (livestock, madeira, land-grabbers, mining and soya), with the su-pport of the State, reaches the environmental and cultural protection of the Amazonian peoples with strong transgressions to the laws of territorial ordering, the result of which a social process linked to violence, environmental crime and the denial of human and territorial rights of social groups directly affected.