自然史和生物教学:教育改革和中学课程(1920-1951)

M. Santos
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本研究的主题是生物和自然史的教学,重点是这些学校学科的历史和20世纪20年代至50年代巴西发生的教育变化。目的是调查这些学校学科构成的变化和连续性。以当时的教学计划、立法和文本为资料来源,进行了文献研究。分析了1920年至1951年的官方教育计划和佩德罗二世学院的自然历史和生物学学科,以及与教育改革相关的立法和演讲。植物学、动物学、地质学和矿物学的内容在这一时期的中学自然史课程中一直存在。在1943年的生物学项目中,植物学和动物学内容被保留,地质和矿物学内容被排除在外。20世纪30年代出现了生物学课程,1946年被自然史取代,但1936年至1951年的课程中仍保留着生物学内容。从1920-30年课程的“教训”和“实践要点”到1930-50年的积极和实验方法,突出了巴西生物学学校学科历史上的科学基础和专业知识的欣赏。《自然历史与生物教育:教育改革与中学课程》(1920-1951)摘要本研究以生物与自然历史教育为主题,重点研究20世纪20年代和50年代巴西学校科目的历史与教育改革。目的是调查这些学校科目构成的变化和连续性。根据教育方案、立法和其他文本的来源,进行了纪录片研究。分析了colegio Pedro II关于1920年至1951年学校科目自然历史和生物学的官方教育方案和内容以及与教育改革有关的立法和论述。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的总面积为,其中土地和(2.641平方公里)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的总面积为,其中土地和(0.984平方公里)水。生物学学校emerged 1930的话题,而且是由自然历史在1946年崩溃,但生物内容维礼品的课程从1936到1951。从1920-30年项目的“教训”和“实践要点”到20世纪30年代和50年代的积极实验方法,巴西科学教育史对科学基础和专门化的强调是突出的。关键词:生物学与自然史教育;学校主题;教育项目;他的父亲是一名律师,母亲是一名律师。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ensino de História Natural e Biologia: reformas educacionais e programas da escola secundária (1920-1951)
Este estudo tem como tema o ensino de Biologia e História Natural, com foco na história dessas disciplinas escolares e nas mudanças educacionais ocorridas nas décadas de 1920 a 1950 no Brasil. O objetivo foi investigar mudanças e continuidades na constituição dessas disciplinas escolares. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental, utilizando como fontes programas de ensino, legislação e textos da época. Foram analisados programas de ensino oficiais e do Colégio Pedro II, das disciplinas História Natural e Biologia, dos anos de 1920 a 1951, além da legislação e discursos referentes às reformas educacionais. Houve a permanência de conteúdos de Botânica, Zoologia, Geologia e Mineralogia nos programas do ensino secundário de História Natural desse período. No programa de Biologia de 1943, permaneceram conteúdos botânicos e zoológicos e foram excluídos os geológicos e mineralógicos.  A disciplina escolar Biologia emergiu nos anos 1930 e foi substituída pela História Natural em 1946, mas conteúdos biológicos permaneceram nos programas de 1936 a 1951. Das “lições” e “pontos práticos” nos programas de 1920-30 às metodologias ativas e experimentais dos anos 1930-50, destaca-se a valorização dos fundamentos científicos e de conhecimentos especializados na história da disciplina escolar Biologia no Brasil.Natural History and Biology Education: educational reforms and secondary school programs (1920-1951)AbstractThis study has as its theme the Biology and Natural History Education, focusing on these school subjects’ history and on educational reforms in the 1920s and 1950s in Brazil. The objective was to investigate changes and continuities in the constitution of these school subjects. A documentary research was carried out, taking as sources educational programs, legislation and other texts. Official educational programs and those of Colégio Pedro II of the school subjects Natural History and Biology from the years 1920 to 1951 and the legislation and discourses related to educational reforms were analyzed. Botany, Zoology, Geology and Mineralogy contents remained in the secondary education programs of Natural History from 1920 to 1951. In the Biology program of 1943 remained botanical and zoological contents and geological and mineralogical ones were excluded. The Biology school subject emerged in the 1930s and was replaced by Natural History in 1946, but biological contents were present in the curriculum from 1936 to 1951. From the “lessons” and “practical points” in the 1920-30 programs to the active and experimental methodologies in the 1930s and 1950s, the emphasis on scientific foundations and specialization stands out in the history of science education in Brazil.Keywords: Biology and Natural History Education; School subject; Educational programs; Science Education History.
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