学龄前儿童适应障碍的心理矫正

Nataliya Zavatska, M. Toba, Yevgeniya Kashirina, Liliya Boiaryn
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摘要

本文论述了学龄前适应障碍儿童的人格特点及其矫正方法。研究学龄前儿童适应障碍的社会心理因素及其矫正是由于需要了解学龄前儿童在社会适应过程中存在的困难相关问题。这一类包括在情感领域(父母抱怨焦虑、恐惧、流泪、日常活动波动、情绪波动)、行为领域(父母抱怨易怒、攻击性、消极、与他人的消极关系)、混合性障碍(父母寻求帮助解决孩子的焦虑、焦虑、恐惧)方面有适应性反应的儿童;另一方面,它的侵略性,易怒,冲突)。鉴于学龄前儿童适应障碍被纳入神经症、神经发育障碍的结构,是与病前状态相关的,面对现代心理科学和实践,其有效矫正问题尤为突出。学龄前儿童适应障碍的特殊重要性是父母寻求心理学家和其他专业人士帮助的主要原因之一。适应障碍影响儿童人格的整体结构,并经常发展成持久的精神病理形式。本研究的重点是学龄前儿童适应障碍的心理矫正系统。该系统被认为是一组组成部分:个人心理矫正(以心理处理为目的,解决人际冲突);团体心理矫正(以提高社会适应、人格功能人际计划矫正为目的);家庭咨询(为人格功能的微观社会计划创造可接受的条件)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Psychological correction of preschool children with adaptation disorders
The article deals with the psychological peculiarities of the personality of preschool children with adaptation disorders and the means of their correction. It is shown that the study of socio-psychological factors of adaptation disorders in preschool children and their correction is due to the need to understand the problems associated with the presence of preschool children who have difficulties in the process of social adaptation. This category includes children who have adaptive reactions with disturbances in the emotional sphere (with complaints of parents on anxiety, fearfulness, tearfulness, daily fluctuations of activity, mood), in the behavioral sphere (with complaints of parents on irritability, aggressiveness, negativity, negativity relations with others), with mixed disorders (children whose parents have sought help in connection with anxiety, anxiety, fearfulness of the child - on the one hand, and its aggressiveness, irritability, conflict - on the other). Given that adaptation disorders among preschoolers are included in the structure of neuroses, neurodevelopmental disorders, they are the correlate of pre-morbid conditions, the issues of their effective correction are especially acute in the face of modern psychological science and practice. The particular importance of adaptation disorders in preschool children is one of the main conscious reasons for parents seeking the help of psychologists and other professionals. Adaptation disorders affect the whole structure of the child's personality and often develop into persistent forms of mental pathology. The focus of the study was the system of psychological correction of preschool children with adaptation disorders. This system was considered as a set of components: individual psychocorrection (for the purpose of psychological processing, resolution of intrapersonal conflict); group psycho-correction (with the aim of increasing social adaptation, correction of interpersonal plan of functioning of personality); family counseling (to create acceptable conditions for a microsocial plan for personality functioning).
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