Spinopelvic fixation: indications, anatomical and biomechanical aspects and historical development of methods

A review of the literature on performing spinopelvic fixation for injuries and various pathologies of the spine and pelvis is presented. The review is analytical in nature and was carried out using databases of medical literature and search resources of PubMed and eLibrary. The following aspects are highlighted: the relevance and indications for performing spinopelvic fixation and its anatomical and biomechanical features. The historical aspects of the development of methods for performing spinopelvic fixation are considered and structured. The analysis of various methods of spinopelvic fixation (using hooks, screw insertion into the S2 sacral wings, L-shaped Luque rods, distractors, transiliac rods, Jackson, Harrington and Galveston techniques) was carried out.  The features of surgical techniques, their advantages, disadvantages and complications are considered.