Studying Society

Sociological perspectives/theories – worth knowing well because you’ll be apply to APPLY this knowledge to lots of the questions in other sections Consensus theory A perspective such as functionalism that sees society is based on agreement. i.e. shared norms and values are the “social glue” that lead to social order Conflict theory A perspective such as Marxism or feminism that sees society based on disagreement i.e. powerful groups exploit and oppress the rest of society Functionalism A consensus theory that sees society based on shared values into which members are socialised. It sees society like a human body: each institution performs functions that benefit wider society. E.g. family and education socialise individuals Marxism A conflict theory based on the work of Karl Marx. Sees capitalist society divided into two classes. The ruling class oppress and exploit the working class. Feminism A conflict theory that focuses on women’s oppression in a patriarchal (male headed) society. Nature/nurture An important debate within social sciences is whether behaviour is the result of ‘nature’ (biology/inherited characteristics) or ‘nurture’ (our experiences/upbringing etc)