不同網球場地表面對垂直跳運動表現之影響

目的：探討不同網球場地表面 (硬地、地墊、草地、紅土) 對垂直跳運動表現之影響。方法：招募 21 位男性 (平均身高 177.6 ± 5.5 公分、平均體重 77.3 ± 12.5 公斤、平均年齡 23.8 ± 3.4 歲) 在四種不同場地表面進行反向跳及蹲踞跳測試，用測力板蒐集爆發力、衝量、跳躍高度、負荷率及最大衝擊力之數值資料，取樣頻率為 1000 Hz。使用單因子重複量數變異數分析比較四種不同場地表面對運動表現之影響，顯著水準訂為 α = .05。結果：本研究結果發現衝量和跳躍高度在反向跳有顯著差異，硬地 (p = .040, p = .028) 及地墊 (p = .050, p = .025) 皆大於紅土。蹲踞跳的跳躍高度則是硬地大於草地 (p = .014)。結論：場地不同帶來的負荷變化並非導致運動傷害發生的直接因素，因此在建議打網球的人在選擇場地時可以個人打法為依據進行挑選。另外，不同場地會有不同的力學效應。在大滿貫系列賽當中，澳洲網球公開賽 (硬地) 轉換至法國網球公開賽 (紅土)、溫布頓網球錦標賽 (草地) 轉換至美國網球公開賽 (硬地) 時，需要特別去適應場地才能有效的提升運動表現。Purpose: To investigate the effect of different tennis court surfaces (hard surface, mat, grass, red clay) on the performance of vertical jump. Methods: Twenty-one males have been recruited for this study (height: 177.6 ± 5.5cm, weight: 77.3 ± 12.5kg, age: 23.8 ± 3.4year-old). The participants were instructed to perform jumping tests (counter movement jump and vertical jump) on four ground surfaces. A force plate (1000Hz) has been used to obtain power, impact force, jump height, loading rate and peak impact force. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was carried out to compare the difference between ground surfaces and the kinetic parameters with a significant level of α=.05. Results: The results revealed significant differences in impulse and jump height in the counter movement jump, with both hard (p = .040, p = .028) and carpet (p = .050, p = .025) being larger than clay. The jump height of the squat jump was greater on hard than on grass (p = .014). Conclusion: The change in lower extremely’s load brought about by different courts is not a direct factor in the occurrence of sports injuries. Therefore, this study recommended that tennis players choose a court based on their individual playing style. In addition, different courts will have different mechanical effects. In the Grand Slam series, the transition from the Australian Open (hard court) to the French Open (red clay) and the Wimbledon Open (grass) to the U.S. Open (hard court) requires special adaptation in order to effectively improve performance.