Peripersonal Space

Traditional conceptions of peripersonal space emphasised its role in the organisation of skilled action. However, two other aspects of this representation have also been highlighted, namely, its defensive and social aspects. Indeed, having a distinct representation of the space close to the body is crucial for preparing defensive responses to noxious or threatening stimuli. Furthermore, it has been shown that peripersonal space is modulated by social factors. In this chapter, we will discuss these differing conceptions of peripersonal space. Evidence from several lines of research has revealed specialised neural and perceptual mechanisms for representing the space around the body for the defense of the body surface, including ethological and neurophysiological studies in animals, psychophysical studies showing perceptual mechanisms specialised for threatening classes of stimuli, and modulation of perception by specific fears. We will review studies on the motor function of peripersonal space and its role in guiding voluntary object-oriented actions. Recent studies have investigated the neural basis of the social aspect of peripersonal space both in monkey and humans. Finally, we will end by discussing the connection between action-based, defensive and social functions of peripersonal space.