6. 德意志民主共和国的崩溃和德国的统一

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摘要

作为二战后苏联的卫星国,德意志民主共和国必然会跟随她的“老大哥”的发展,后者控制着(或者用苏联的术语来说是“保卫”)这个拥有大约38万军队和重要石油和天然气供应的小国。因此,苏联的解体也会对东德产生严重的影响。但一开始,米哈伊尔•戈尔巴乔夫(Mikhail Gorbachev)的改革在民主德国遭到了不同的反应。虽然大多数人心甘情愿地接受了公开性政策,但东柏林的政治领导人肯定是落后的强硬派。由于这些国内差异,东德社会主义制度的最终垮台变成了一系列戏剧性的事件,使得两个德国的和平统一看起来更像是一个奇迹,而不是一个必然的过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
6. The Collapse of the GDR and the Reunification of Germany
Set up as a Soviet satellite after World War II, the German Democratic Republic was bound to follow the developments of her ‘big brother’, who controlled (or in Soviet terminology “defended”) the little state with approximately 380,000 troops and vital oil and gas supplies. Consequently, the disintegration of the USSR would have severe repercussions on Eastern Germany as well. But at first, the reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev were met by different reactions in the GDR. While glasnost* was taken up willingly by the majority of the population, the political leaders in East Berlin must be characterised as backward hardliners. Due to these domestic differences, the ultimate downfall of the socialist system in Eastern Germany turned into a series of dramatic events which make the peaceful reunification of the two German states look rather like a miracle than an inevitable process.
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