学术诚信违规背后的因素回顾:美国与乌克兰的比较

Aaron M. Kennet, Y. Shkodkina
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引用次数: 3

摘要

最近,乌克兰学术出版物中关于学术诚信问题的文章迅速增加,然而,很少有文章关注学术不诚实的因素。为了制定有效的学术诚信政策,有必要对学术欺诈的因素和原因进行初步研究。其他国家已经对学术不诚实的原因和因素进行了广泛的研究,但尚未针对乌克兰进行研究。本文旨在对学术不诚实的原因和导致学术诚信违规的因素进行文献综述。本文显示了研究美国学生学术不诚实因素的关键方向,主要使用美国学术文献中的文章,并将其与相关的乌克兰学术出版物进行比较。尽管这份报告并没有声称是一份全面的报告,但它确实概述了高等教育机构学术不诚实的因素规模和各种原因。使用学术不诚实、学术不端、违反学术诚信和不道德学术行为的因素、原因或原因等关键词,从Scopus、ResearchGate、Google Scholar数据库和Springer期刊中检索文献。审查表明,违反学术诚信的原因有很多,它们源于两大类因素-内部个人因素和外部环境因素。一个因素是在可能范围之外还是在可能范围之内,可以改变并相应地利用,这取决于它对学生的性质——外部的还是内部的,以及它的影响水平(规模)——国家的、机构的还是个人的。对乌克兰高等院校学术不诚实背后因素的现有研究综述表明,哪些因素需要更详细和广泛的研究,以便为制定有效的学术诚信政策提供坚实的基础。本文的发现有助于更深入地了解学生可能犯下学术渎职行为的最重要原因,并有助于制定乌克兰机构的学术诚信政策。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Review of the Factors behind Academic Integrity Violations: Comparing the United States and Ukraine
Recently, there has been a rapid growth of articles on academic integrity issues in Ukrainian scholarly publications, however, few of them have focused on factors of academic dishonesty. To develop an effective academic integrity policy, it is necessary to conduct preliminary research into the factors and reasons of academic dishonesty. Extensive research related to reasons and factors of academic dishonesty has been conducted in other countries, but not yet for a Ukrainian context. This article aims to provide a literature review on the reasons for academic dishonesty and factors leading to academic integrity violations. The article shows the key directions of research on the factors of academic dishonesty that have been studied among American students, using articles primarily from US academic literature and comparing them to relevant, available Ukrainian scholarly publications. Though the review does not claim to be a fully comprehensive one, it does provide an overview of the scale of factors and the variety of reasons for academic dishonesty in Higher Educations Institutes (HEIs). Literature was retrieved from Scopus, ResearchGate, Google Scholar databases, and Springer journals by using key search words such as factors of, reasons or causes for academic dishonesty, academic misconduct, academic integrity violation and unethical academic behaviour. The review showed that there are numerous reasons for academic integrity violations and that they stem from two major groups of factors — internal individual and external contextual factors. Whether it is beyond or within the bounds of possibility that a factor can be changed and accordingly utilized depends on its nature — external or internal — towards a student, and level (scale) of its influence — national, institutional or individual. An overview of available studies on factors behind academic dishonesty in Ukrainian HEIs demonstrated which factors need more detailed and extensive research to provide a sound base for developing an effective academic integrity policy. The findings of the article contribute to a deeper understanding of the most significant reasons students might have for committing academic malpractice, and to help develop academic integrity policies in Ukrainian institutions.
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