优选音系理论的弊端:反对与反驳

F. Al-Hindawi, M. A. Abdulkareem
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引用次数: 0

摘要

最优性理论是在20世纪90年代初提出的,作为人类自然语言声音系统组织的另一种模型。它表明,我们所观察到的语言形式源于对相互冲突的约束的最佳满足。最优性理论不同于其他音系学研究方法,如自音段音系学和线性音系学(英语的声音模式),后者通常是基于规则的方法,而不是约束(如忠实度和标记性在潜在形式、输入和表面表征、输出之间运作)。本研究简要回顾了最优性理论的兴起及其主要原则,梳理了对最优性理论及其理论和应用领域的各种批评的详细研究。本文对优选理论在音系学中的作用进行了批判性评价,指出了优选理论的主要缺点和缺陷。除了由不同学者引发的针对该理论的其他批评之外,该研究还提出了一些其他的弱点,这些弱点可能会被添加到这些先前的批评中。在批判的基础上,总结出最优理论存在着不同的缺陷和问题。发现了六个问题:生成过程的模糊性、对词汇的不重视、思维创造性的无用性、排序错误、不同语言中相同音的多样性、重平行而轻序列。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Drawbacks of Optimality Theoretic Phonology: Objections and Refutations
Optimality theory was introduced in the early 1990s as an alternative model of the organization of natural human language sound systems. It suggests that the observed forms of language arise from the optimal satisfaction of conflicting constraints. Optimality theory differs from other approaches to phonology, like autosegmental phonology and linear phonology (The Sound Pattern of English), which are typically rule-based approaches rather than constraints (such as faithfulness and markedness operating between underlying forms, inputs, and surface representations, outputs). This study briefly reviews the rise of Optimality theory and its main tenets, teasing out a detailed study of the various critiques that have been addressed to the Optimality theory and its theoretical and applicable domains. It presents a critical appraisal of the role of Optimality theory in phonology to show its main shortcomings and defects. In addition to other criticisms directed to the theory that are triggered by different scholars, the study suggests some other weak points that may be added to those pointed out by such previous critiques. On the basis of what is revealed by the criticism, it is concluded that Optimality theory suffers from different shortcomings and problems. Six problems are identified: the ambiguity of generating process, not paying attention to the lexicon, the uselessness of creativity of mind, wrong ranking, diversity of the same sound in different languages, and focus on parallelism rather than serialism.
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