DEVELOPMENT AND SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE SCIENCE OF “SIYAR”

The article provides information on the formation and development of the “Siyar” branch of Islamic law, which is the science of regulating international relations in Islam. Siyar first described the life of the prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). In addition, Siyar is the science of rules arranging the relations of Muslims with members of other religions in times of war and peace. In particular, rules of jurisprudence on the treaties of war and peace between Muslims and non-Muslims, the humanitarian principles to be followed in waging war, the procedure for sending ambassadors to other countries, the rights and obligations of representatives of other religions living in Muslim lands were studied through Siyar science.The development of Siyar science was a necessity of the time. As a result of the expansion of the Arab Caliphate, there was a need to establish relations with members of different religions and nationalities. This led scientists to write works on Siyar. In particular, faqihs such as Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Sha’bi, Imam Muhammad, Awza’i, Sawri and Fazari wrote works on this subject. Specialists who have studied the science of Siyar also showed its peculiarities in their works. In particular, they expressed that international relations in Islam were based on moral principles.