中世纪晚期和近代早期英格兰的上帝体验

Yaakov A. Mascetti
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引用次数: 0

摘要

伯吉斯的叙述到底有什么意义?此外,整部作品中的各种句子或主张缺乏实质内容,值得更多的解释。例如,在第一章中,伯吉斯声称早期的苏联宇航员“出生在莫斯科的后街,过着与世隔绝和贫困的生活,没有人爱,每天都在寻找食物和住所中度过”,而没有提到任何这样的宇航员,也没有解释苏联社会的背景(16)。当然,斯大林时代的苏联总体上仍然很贫穷,但说个人“不被爱”是夸张的,也未经证实。伯吉斯似乎假设读者熟悉苏联及其社会,而今天的许多读者可能对此知之甚少。这篇文章的研究和来源似乎并不太广泛,这本书主要依赖于其他二手书,包括伯吉斯的其他作品,以及少数网站,如Britannica.com, BBC和russianspaceweb.com。因此,书中的事实几乎完全来源于其他已发表的报道。《太空中的苏联人》确实包含了一个附录,但它只列出了16本书,并不是关于这个主题的详尽的作品选择。麻省理工学院的历史学家斯拉瓦·格罗维奇(Slava Gerovitch)和美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的历史学家罗杰·劳纽斯(Roger Launius)的著作都不在书中,前者出版了大量关于苏联计划的著作,后者对太空竞赛双方都有著述。因此,对于学生或研究人员来说,《太空中的苏联人》并不是一个很好的初始资源,无法找到更多关于这个主题的材料。总的来说,伯吉斯对俄罗斯太空计划的阐述是一个事实,简洁,基本的叙述,没有为历史学家提供任何新的或有洞察力的东西。各个章节中包含的表格有助于那些寻求快速获取事实的人组织空间任务。这本书的读者是对太空竞赛和太空飞行感兴趣的大众读者,尤其是对苏联或俄罗斯飞船上的宇航员和他们的个人经历感兴趣的读者。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Experiencing God in Late-Medieval and Early-Modern England
ately is the significance of the account Burgess has given? Additionally, various sentences or claims throughout the work lack substance and deserve more explanation. For instance, in Chapter 1, Burgess claims that early Soviet cosmonauts “were born into a life of seclusion and deprivation on the back streets of Moscow, unloved and passing each wretched day scrounging for food and finding shelter where they could” without naming any such cosmonauts or explaining the context of Soviet society (16). While certainly the Soviet Union during the Stalinist era was generally still impoverished, to suggest individuals were “unloved” is hyperbolic and unproven. Burgess seems to assume the reader is familiar with the Soviet Union and its society when likely many readers today would know little about it. The research and sourcing used for this piece does not appear too extensive with the book reliant mostly on other secondary books, including Burgess’s other works, and a handful of websites, such as Britannica.com, the BBC, and russianspaceweb.com. Thus, the facts in the book are almost entirely derived from other published accounts. Soviets in Space does include an appendix, but it lists only sixteen books and is not an exhaustive selection of works on the subject. Absent are works by MIT historian Slava Gerovitch, who has published numerous works on the Soviet program, or NASA historian Roger Launius, who had written accounts of both sides of the space race. Therefore, Soviets in Space is not a great initial resource for students or researchers to find more material on the subject. Overall, Burgess’s exposition on Russia’s space program is a factual, terse, and basic account which does not provide historians with anything new or insightful. The tables included throughout the chapters help organize the space missions for those seeking quick access to the facts. The book’s audience lies with popular readers with an interest in the space race and spaceflights and more particularly the cosmonauts and their individual experiences aboard Soviet or Russian craft.
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