BALANÇO ENERGÉTICO PARA O PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL NÃO CATALÍTICO UTILIZANDO ÁLCOOL SUPERCRÍTICO E SEMENTE DE SOJA

The non-catalytic transesterification of vegetable oil using an alcohol in supercritical conditions has been highlighting as an alternative method for production of biodiesel. To supercritical biodiesel production was developed bench reactor with a volume of 150 mL and capacity to support 300 bar pressure in temperature of 350 ° C. Experiments were conducted at different temperatures, granulometries, molar ethanol: oil and water concentrations. To characterize the biodiesel were been done chromatographic analyzes and mass balance identifying the quality and yield of esters. Biodiesel showed good quality for the composition of esters and had a maximum yield of 94.87%. The roasted soybean presented calorific potential of 2203.17 kcal / kg. To characterize the byproduct, roasted soybean, we performed a thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). To quantify the energy consumed and energy produced "Input / Output" in the production process of biodiesel has been done an energy balance. For the proposed process was finding an energy relationship of 1,19:1, and a cost of 8.49 reais per liter of Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester (FAEE) produced with supercritical ethanol and soybean seed. It was identified that the process of producing biodiesel from oil seeds can be viable when used a seed cheap.