Human and Building Digital Twins for Virtual Reality Based Building Emergency Training

Virtual Reality (VR) has been increasingly used to deliver building emergency training [1]. Compared to traditional methods (e.g., videos), VR-based training has the superiority in training effectiveness by immersing trainers in realistic scenarios and allowing hands-on practice opportunities. How-ever, offering personalized training content is still a challenge. Current emergency training provides standard content to everyone. But people's performance in building emergencies is influenced by personal factors such as personalities [2], spatial knowledge [3], and occupational identity [4]. For example, even though FBI recommends running in an active shooter incident, it may not fit for those who run slowly or have a bad sense of direction. The complication in humans imposes several possibilities for the storylines.