Propuesta de un modelo conceptual para la vigilancia del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), enfocado en el seguimiento a las personas

The objective of the study was to propose a conceptual model of epidemiological surveillance for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) based on the follow-up of individuals. The method applied was a descriptive qualitative study, using Oscar Jara’s Experience Systematization Model; lessons learned were collected from key actors, both from the Ministry of Health and Social Security and cooperating agencies in the response to HIV. The information from international standards and the information obtained from the HIV Surveillance Evaluation was systematized. As a result, the incorporation of a unique identification code for patient traceability was obtained, therefore, three moments for surveillance were identified; prevention that will cover from the first test that is performed regardless of its result, the objective will be to monitor that the patient remains negative or is identified in a timely manner and linked to treatment. Surveillance at the time of care is aimed at adhering the patient to treatment to achieve an undetectable viral load, which ends at that moment with the patient’s infectious potential. Finally, chronic care and death involved surveillance of opportunistic infections, chronic diseases and mortality. The research concludes that this model responds to the needs of the epidemic and is adapted to the Guatemalan sectors involved in the response, and identifies key points in the registry for the development of indicators. It proposes ways to incorporate and measure quantitative attributes of surveillance, as it covers healthy people to promote continued negativity.