Smartphone – a third eye of people with blindness

In the current plethora of the digital world, smartphones have become an integral part of our lives and act as an essential supportive device in executing daily living activities. Until now, most of us believe that smartphones are devices meant for people with a good sight and are not considered assistive devices for visually impaired individuals. It may not be an incorrect statement, particularly in lower-middleincome countries. It is a common presumption that the use of smartphones would need a good vision function, or how can they be used by people with vision loss? However, in the recent past, technological advancement has led to makeshift changes in the interfaces between humans and smartphones in terms of interaction. Instead of relying on vision function, gestures, and even sound, one can interact with a smartphone.