Paediatric neurovascular disorders

The spectrum of paediatric neurovascular disorders includes several conditions like arteriovenous malformation (AVM), aneurysm, and cavernous malformations that occur in adults. Despite the similarity in pathology there are differences in presentation, location, and management of vascular disorders in children as compared to adults. There are disorders that are peculiar to the paediatric population like vein of Galen malformations or intraventricular haemorrhage in premature infants and others that occur predominantly in children though are seen in adults such as moya disorder. Recent advances in endovascular therapy, radiosurgery, and multimodality management of vascular lesions have increased the options available to manage these lesions in children. Identification of underlying gene abnormalities in cavernomas and moya moya disease promises to shed new light on the pathogenesis of these disorders. The common neurovascular disorders seen in the paediatric population are discussed in this chapter with the focus on those seen predominantly in children.