Conclusion and Future Direction

This book has presented the analysis and design of BMI systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work dedicated to studying bidirectional closed-loop BMI systems. The main motivation of this work is the fact that many significantly meaningful neuroscience experiments, especially in freely behaving animals, cannot be conducted without custom designed bidirectional closed-loop BMIs. With the close collaboration between neuroscientists and engineers, this work was able to identify and address several important and practical issues in BMI systems’ design. The developed system has been successfully used in several animal experiments, resulting in significant new observations.