《美国人》中中国移民的语言认同

S. Chernyshova
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摘要

本文分析了全球流动时代语言认同特征的理论著作。当前人类群体的密集运动导致了一种背离,从植根于特定地点的语言概念化,到语言的去地域化,从语言本身到个人使用的转变。本文的实践部分着重于奇曼达·恩戈齐·阿迪奇的小说《美国》(2013)。科学反思指的是对小说中主要人物——移民的性格进行分析,分析他们移居到一个新的国家后所经历的变化。本文旨在研究外国人在语言自我认同语境下的自我形成方式。语言制度在几个重要层面上体现在作品中:保存伊博语和抵抗英语的绝对统治,移民的语言同化,外国人语言身份的主张,语言作为结构性种族主义的组成部分。移民的语言同化使他们放弃自己的母语,特别是那些说定居国语言的移民,因此只用接受国的语言与子女交谈。同时,小说《Americana》传达了主人公回归自己的说话方式,即尼日利亚英语。这种转变表明她反对完全否定自己的身份,赞成主导群体的期望和规范。总的来说,语言对移民身份的形成很重要。居民对发音的敏感性以及对社区语言的掌握程度往往导致对外国人的疏远和对他/她的偏见态度。因此,移民试图通过语言摆脱标签。他们模仿他们定居的特定地点的口音和发音。然而,小说《Americana》的主人公宣告了对语言认同的新认识,这与移民的现代定位密切相关,即不以自己的差异为耻,相反,尊重和坚持自己的差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Immigrant’s language identity in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah
The article analyzes theoretical works which discuss the features of language identity in the era of global mobility. The current intensive movement of the human masses has led to a departure from the conceptualization of language as rooted in a specific locus, to its deterritorialization, to a shift from the language itself to its usage by an individual. The practical part of the article focuses on Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel “Americana” (2013). The scientific reflection refers to the analysis of the personality of the immigrants, who are the main characters of the novel, and the changes they experience when moving to a new country. The aim of the article is to study the ways of self-formation of foreigners in the context of their language self-identification. The language regime is present in the work on several important levels: preservation of the Igbo and resistance to the total dominance of the English language, linguistic assimilation of immigrants, assertion of the foreigner’s linguistic identity, language as a component of structural racism.Linguistic assimilation of immigrants causes them to abandon their native language, especially when it comes to migrants who speak the language of the country of settlement and, accordingly, speak to their children only in the language of a receiving country. At the same time, the novel “Americana” conveys the protagonist’s return to her own way of speaking, that is, Nigerian English. This shift signals her resistance to the complete negation of her identity in favor of the expectations and norms of the dominant group. In general, language is important for the formation of immigrant identity. The sensitivity of residents to pronunciation as well as to the level of command of the community’s language often causes alienation of the foreigner and a prejudiced attitude towards him/her. Therefore, immigrants try to get rid of labeling through language. They imitate the accents and pronunciation of the specific locus of their settlement. However, the main character of the novel “Americana” declares a new understanding of linguistic identity, which is closely related to the modern positioning of immigrants as those who are not ashamed of their difference, but on the contrary, respect their difference and insist on it.
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