农业作物根系的生长和生产力取决于土壤的农业物理特性

культур залежно, від агрофізичних, характеристик ґрунту, С.І. Крилач
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摘要

本文介绍了模型植被试验研究播层内土壤农业物理特征即结构组成和容重对农作物根系发育影响的结果。本研究的目的是研究土壤容重和结构组成参数对农作物根系发育的影响。应用了分析、营养和数理统计的研究方法。研究证明,土壤的农业物理参数对农作物根系的发育有显著影响。由于土壤种子层结构团聚体的增大,导致根系生产力系数整体下降,所研究培养物的根系状况和质量有恶化的趋势。研究表明,土壤亚种层压实程度高,与中低压实程度相比,会导致农作物根系发育恶化。已注意到根系长度的减少与土壤压实程度的增加呈线性关系。土壤亚种层的高低对作物根系直径均有负向影响,尤其是对小麦植株。玉米和谷子根系直径的显著减小只发生在土壤压实的亚种层。土壤亚种层的高度压实导致所有作物根系的总体积减少,以及根毛的数量和长度减少,这对植物从土壤中吸收养分和水分的能力产生不利影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Growth and productivity of the agricultural crops root system depending on soil agrophysical characteristics
The results of model vegetation experiments on the study of the influence of soil agrophysical characteristics within the sowing layer, namely structural composition and bulk density, on the development of the root system of agricultural crops are presented. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of parameters of bulk density and structural composition of soil on the development of the root system of agricultural crops. Analytical, vegetative and mathematical-statistical methods of research have been applied. It has been proved that the agrophysical parameters of the soil significantly affect the development of the root system of agricultural crops. The tendency to deterioration of the condition and quality of the root system of the studied cultures has been established due to the increase in the size of structural aggregates in the seed layer of the soil, which led to a decrease in the productivity coefficient of the root system as a whole. It has been revealed that high level of compaction of the sub-seed layer of soil, compared to low and middle levels, leads to deterioration of root system of agricultural crops development. The linear dependence of the reduction of the length of the root system on increasing the level of soil compaction has been noted. There was a negative influence of both high and low levels of the sub-seed layer of soil on the diameter of the roots of crops, especially for wheat plants. Significant decrease in the diameter of the roots of corn and millet plants is established only for the compacted sub-seed layer of soil. The high level of compaction of the sub-seed layer of soil caused a decrease in the total volume of the root system of all crops, as well as the number and length of root hairs, which adversely affects the ability of plants to absorb nutrients and moisture from the soil.
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