乌克兰饲料生产:趋势、问题和前景

I. Voronetska, N. Yurchuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在乌克兰独立期间,向畜牧业提供饲料及其有效利用仍然是一个困难和未解决的问题。俄罗斯联邦对乌克兰领土的军事侵略、经济、地缘政治、气候不稳定、全球粮食危机加剧了战前问题,导致饲料生产出现了新的威胁和挑战。该研究的目的是评估乌克兰饲料市场的现状和主要趋势,饲料工业在现代威胁和挑战背景下的问题。本研究采用了公认的科学经济学研究方法,特别是:文献计量学、科学抽象与假设、系统与经济分析、专著、分析与综合、复杂、抽象逻辑、归纳与演绎、比较与逻辑概括。考虑了乌克兰饲料生产的主要问题:物质资源、能源成本的增加,国内生产的饲料的收获和储存成本的增加,由于迁移和动员造成的劳动力短缺,影响饲料作物产量的极端气候条件,饲料的数量和质量,不符合作物轮作,饲料质量低,饲料生产和消费的区域再分配,流动资金短缺,增值税的报销问题,进口材料资源的清关延迟,高通货膨胀,固定汇率,出口合同下的保险/信用证工具问题,乌克兰主要供应链的破坏,出口地理位置的变化,海港的封锁,创建物流链的高成本,从进口和产品认证的角度难以进入欧洲国家的市场。欧洲物流中心的吞吐量限制等。注意力集中在已被占领领土和前线领土的饲料生产问题上:由于俄罗斯军队炮击和盗窃造成资金和财产损失而造成资源短缺,农作物遭到破坏,产品无法出口,军事行动造成农场动物死亡,农业基础设施和设备遭到破坏和破坏,无法进行技术作业,采矿、炮击、重型设备移动等对土地基金造成不利影响。研究的主要成果可用于科学发展和农业生产者的实际活动,评估风险和威胁对乌克兰饲料生产行业的影响
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Fodder production in Ukraine: Trends, problems and prospects
During the years of Ukraine's independence, the provision of fodder to the livestock industry and their effective use remained a difficult and unsolved problem. The military aggression of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, economic, geopolitical, climatic instability, global food crisis exacerbated the pre-war problems and led to the emergence of new threats and challenges in fodder production. The purpose of the study is to assess the state and main trends of the feed market of Ukraine, the problems of the feed industry in the context of modern threats and challenges. The research uses generally accepted methods of scientific economic research, in particular: bibliometric, scientific abstraction and hypothesis, systematic and economic analysis, monographic, analysis and synthesis, complex, abstract-logical, induction and deduction, comparison and logical generalization. The main problems of Ukrainian fodder production were considered: the increase in the cost of material resources, energy resources, the increase in the cost of harvesting and storage of domestically produced fodder, the shortage of labor force due to migration and mobilization, extreme climatic conditions that affect the yield of fodder crops, the quantity and quality of fodder, non-compliance with crop rotation, low feed quality, regional redistribution of feed production and consumption, shortage of working capital, problems with reimbursement of value added tax, delays in customs clearance of imported material resources, high inflation, fixed exchange rate, problematic insurance/letter of credit instruments under export contracts, destruction of the main supply chains in Ukraine, change in the geography of exports, blockade of sea ports, high cost of created logistics chains, difficult access to the market of European countries from the point of view of import and product certification, limitation of throughput capacity of European logistics centers, etc. Attention is focused on the problems of fodder production in the de-occupied and front-line territories: a shortage of resources due to the loss of funds and property due to shelling and theft by the Russian military, the destruction of crops, the inability to export products, the death of farm animals due to military actions, damage and destruction of agricultural infrastructure and equipment, the impossibility of conducting technological operations, negative consequences for the land fund as a result of mining, artillery shelling, movement of heavy equipment, etc. The main results of the research can be used for scientific developments and in the practical activities of agricultural producers, assessing the impact of risks and threats on the fodder production industry of Ukraine
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