煤矿长壁采空区岩层变形动力学的现代概念综述

O. Barkova, S. Sakhno
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摘要

目的。对煤层发育过程中破坏带岩层变形过程的现代研究进行分析,以确定变形和沉降机理模型的一般特征和观点。方法。该作品采用工程分析的方法,综合和概括了来自各种文学来源的信息。发现。对专门研究长壁地下开采地层矿物的后果的科学研究进行回顾性分析,可以确定破坏带中岩石变形和移动过程的主要成分。根据所进行的分析,认为顶板塌陷法开采煤层时,在岩层下沉过程中,不同的科学家区分出3 ~ 9个区域。主要的三个区域,是今天所有现有假说的组成部分,是:崩塌区,完全位移区,破坏区。基于这三个区域的形成,建议制定一个用于预测研究的模型示意图。独创性在于建立了长壁破坏带岩层变形移动的一般机理。实际的含义。研究结果可用于机理模型的选择和论证,是数学建模过程中计算方案的依据。这将提供高质量的长壁开采地表沉降预测结果,并充分评估地面基础设施保护措施的有效性。关键词:地表位移,地表破坏,滑坡,位移槽,地表位移预报
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
REVIEW OF THE MODERN CONCEPTS ON THE DYNAMICS OF ROCK STRATA DEFORMATION OVER THE LONGWALLS GOB OF COAL MINES
Purpose. Analysis of modern studies of the processes of deformation of rock strata in the undermine zone during the development of coal seams in order to determine the general features and views that allow to substantiate the mechanistic model of deformations and subsidence. Methods. The work uses the method of engineering analysis, synthesis and generalization of information from various literary sources. Findings. Retrospective analysis of scientific studies devoted to the consequences of underground mining of stratum minerals by longwalls allowed to determine the main components of the process of deformation and movement of rocks in the undermine zone. Based on the conducted analysis, it was concluded that in the process of subsidence in the rock strata during the excavation of coal seams with the roof collapse method, different scientists distinguish from three to nine zones. The main three zones, which are components of all existing hypotheses today, are: the collapse zone, the zone of complete displacements, the zone of destruction. Based on the formation of these three zones, it is advisable to develop a schematic diagram of models for prognostic research. Originality consists in establishing the general mechanism of deformation and movement of the rock strata in the zone of longwall undermine. Practical implication. The research results can be used in the selection and justification of the mechanistic model, which is the basis of the calculation scheme during mathematical modeling. This will allow to provide high-quality results of forecasting subsidence of the earth's surface by longwall mining, as well as to adequately assess the effectiveness of measures to protect surface infrastructure objects. Keywords: earth's surface displacement, surface undermine, landslides, displacement trough, surface displacement forecast.
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